NAICS 452

Subsector of NAICS 44-45 · Retail Trade

General Merchandise Stores

Source: BLS SOII + CFOI · Rates derived from NAICS 44-45 sector data · Per 100 FTE workers

2022 Rates

BLS SOII + CFOI · Per 100 FTE

TRIR

2.7

Total Recordable Incident Rate

↓ vs 2021

DART

1.9

Days Away, Restricted, or Transferred

— vs 2021

DAFW Rate

1.0

Days Away from Work Rate

Fatal Rate

1.2

Fatal injuries per 100,000 FTE · National avg: 3.4

4-Year Trend

Year	TRIR	DART	DAFW	TRIR Change
2019	3.1	2.2	1.2	—
2020	2.7	1.9	1.0	-0.4
2021	2.8	1.9	1.0	+0.1
2022(latest)	2.7	1.9	1.0	-0.1

Rates derived from NAICS 44-45 sector data. BLS SOII publishes granular subsector rates in supplemental tables.

Causes & Nature of Incidents

NAICS 44-45 sector-level data · CFOI + SOII 2022

Leading Causes of Fatality (CFOI 2022)

1. Violence and other injuries35%

Robberies and assaults — highest rate of any sector for workplace violence fatalities

2. Transportation incidents28%

Delivery vehicles, parking lot incidents

3. Falls, slips, trips18%

Falls on same level, stocking-related falls

4. Contact with objects and equipment10%

Struck by falling merchandise, baler injuries

Nature of Non-Fatal Injuries (SOII 2022)

1. Sprains, strains, tears38%

2. Soreness, pain18%

3. Cuts, lacerations10%

4. Bruises, contusions9%

Workforce Demographics

Fatal injury rates by age and race/ethnicity. Source: BLS CFOI 2022, national private industry data.

Fatal Injury Rate by Age Group (per 100,000 FTE)

Under 251.7

Younger workers — lower fatal rate but highest non-fatal rate

25–342.6

Rising risk as workers take on heavier roles

35–443.1

Near national average

45–543.5

Above national average

55–645.2

Significantly elevated — experience does not offset physical risk

65+8.1

Highest fatal injury rate of any age group

Fatal Injury Rate by Race/Ethnicity (per 100,000 FTE)

Hispanic or Latino4.7

Overrepresented in high-hazard sectors; construction and agriculture disparity is significant

American Indian / Alaska Native8.0

Highest rate of any racial/ethnic group; concentrated in extractive and construction industries

Black or African American3.5

Above average; disproportionately represented in transportation and service sector fatalities

White (non-Hispanic)3.0

Near national private industry average

Asian1.8

Below national average; occupational distribution skews toward lower-hazard sectors

Sector Note (NAICS 44-45)

Retail workforce is diverse. Black/African American workers are overrepresented in workplace violence fatalities in retail — a pattern consistent with higher employment in customer-facing urban retail locations with elevated robbery risk.

OSHA Enforcement

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Top Cited Standards

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