NAICS 236
Subsector of NAICS 23 · Construction

Construction of Buildings

Source: BLS SOII + CFOI · Rates derived from NAICS 23 sector data · Per 100 FTE workers

2022 Rates

BLS SOII + CFOI · Per 100 FTE
TRIR
3.1
Total Recordable Incident Rate
↓ vs 2021
DART
1.9
Days Away, Restricted, or Transferred
↓ vs 2021
DAFW Rate
1.3
Days Away from Work Rate
Fatal Rate
9.9
Fatal injuries per 100,000 FTE · National avg: 3.4

4-Year Trend

YearTRIRDARTDAFW
20193.72.41.6
20203.42.21.5
20213.52.31.5
2022(latest)3.11.91.3

Rates derived from NAICS 23 sector data. BLS SOII publishes granular subsector rates in supplemental tables.

Causes & Nature of Incidents

NAICS 23 sector-level data · CFOI + SOII 2022

Leading Causes of Fatality (CFOI 2022)
1. Falls, slips, trips35%

Falls from roofs, scaffolding, ladders — leading cause in construction since 1992

2. Transportation incidents25%

Struck by vehicle in work zones, heavy equipment crashes

3. Contact with objects and equipment20%

Struck by, caught in/between — OSHA Fatal Four

4. Exposure to harmful substances8%

Electrocution — OSHA Fatal Four; also silica, asbestos disturbance

Nature of Non-Fatal Injuries (SOII 2022)
1. Sprains, strains, tears33%
2. Cuts, lacerations13%
3. Fractures12%
4. Soreness, pain11%

Workforce Demographics

Fatal injury rates by age and race/ethnicity. Source: BLS CFOI 2022, national private industry data.

Fatal Injury Rate by Age Group (per 100,000 FTE)
Under 251.7

Younger workers — lower fatal rate but highest non-fatal rate

25–342.6

Rising risk as workers take on heavier roles

35–443.1

Near national average

45–543.5

Above national average

55–645.2

Significantly elevated — experience does not offset physical risk

65+8.1

Highest fatal injury rate of any age group

Fatal Injury Rate by Race/Ethnicity (per 100,000 FTE)
Hispanic or Latino4.7

Overrepresented in high-hazard sectors; construction and agriculture disparity is significant

American Indian / Alaska Native8.0

Highest rate of any racial/ethnic group; concentrated in extractive and construction industries

Black or African American3.5

Above average; disproportionately represented in transportation and service sector fatalities

White (non-Hispanic)3.0

Near national private industry average

Asian1.8

Below national average; occupational distribution skews toward lower-hazard sectors

Sector Note (NAICS 23)

Hispanic/Latino workers represent approximately 30% of the U.S. construction workforce but account for roughly 40% of construction fatalities — the most significant racial disparity of any major sector. Black/African American workers face above-average fatal injury rates in construction relative to their share of the workforce.

OSHA Enforcement

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Top Cited Standards

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