Construction
Establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings and other structures, heavy civil engineering construction, and specialty trade contracting. This sector covers new construction, renovation, and maintenance work on residential and nonresidential structures.
Source: BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) · Private industry · Rates per 100 FTE workers
2022 Rates
BLS SOII + CFOI · Per 100 FTE except fatal rate4-Year Trend
| Year | TRIR | DART | DAFW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 3.4 | 2.1 | 1.3 |
| 2020 | 3.1 | 1.9 | 1.2 |
| 2021 | 3.2 | 2.0 | 1.2 |
| 2022(latest) | 2.8 | 1.6 | 1.0 |
Note: 2020 healthcare rates reflect COVID-19 pandemic impact on case counts.
3 Subsectors — 3-Digit NAICS
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Causes & Nature of Incidents
Falls from roofs, scaffolding, ladders — leading cause in construction since 1992
Struck by vehicle in work zones, heavy equipment crashes
Struck by, caught in/between — OSHA Fatal Four
Electrocution — OSHA Fatal Four; also silica, asbestos disturbance
Workforce Demographics
Fatal injury rates by age and race/ethnicity. Source: BLS CFOI 2022, national private industry data.
Younger workers — lower fatal rate but highest non-fatal rate
Rising risk as workers take on heavier roles
Near national average
Above national average
Significantly elevated — experience does not offset physical risk
Highest fatal injury rate of any age group
Overrepresented in high-hazard sectors; construction and agriculture disparity is significant
Highest rate of any racial/ethnic group; concentrated in extractive and construction industries
Above average; disproportionately represented in transportation and service sector fatalities
Near national private industry average
Below national average; occupational distribution skews toward lower-hazard sectors
Hispanic/Latino workers represent approximately 30% of the U.S. construction workforce but account for roughly 40% of construction fatalities — the most significant racial disparity of any major sector. Black/African American workers face above-average fatal injury rates in construction relative to their share of the workforce.
OSHA Enforcement
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