Wholesale Trade
Establishments primarily engaged in selling or arranging the purchase or sale of goods for resale, capital or intermediate goods, or raw and intermediate materials and supplies used in production. Wholesale trade establishments generally sell in large quantities to retailers, industrial, commercial, institutional, and professional users.
Source: BLS Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (SOII) · Private industry · Rates per 100 FTE workers
2022 Rates
BLS SOII + CFOI · Per 100 FTE except fatal rate4-Year Trend
| Year | TRIR | DART | DAFW |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.2 |
| 2020 | 2.4 | 1.7 | 1.0 |
| 2021 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.1 |
| 2022(latest) | 2.4 | 1.6 | 1.0 |
Note: 2020 healthcare rates reflect COVID-19 pandemic impact on case counts.
3 Subsectors — 3-Digit NAICS
Click any subsector to view injury rates, trend data, and enforcement information.
Causes & Nature of Incidents
Delivery vehicle crashes, forklift incidents in warehouses
Struck by falling stock, caught in loading dock equipment
Falls from dock plates, racking structures
Robberies and assaults at distribution points
Workforce Demographics
Fatal injury rates by age and race/ethnicity. Source: BLS CFOI 2022, national private industry data.
Younger workers — lower fatal rate but highest non-fatal rate
Rising risk as workers take on heavier roles
Near national average
Above national average
Significantly elevated — experience does not offset physical risk
Highest fatal injury rate of any age group
Overrepresented in high-hazard sectors; construction and agriculture disparity is significant
Highest rate of any racial/ethnic group; concentrated in extractive and construction industries
Above average; disproportionately represented in transportation and service sector fatalities
Near national private industry average
Below national average; occupational distribution skews toward lower-hazard sectors
Hispanic/Latino and Black/African American workers have higher representation in warehouse and distribution roles within wholesale trade. No sector-specific disparity data is published, but distribution workforce demographics mirror the broader warehousing sector.
OSHA Enforcement
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